TOPOLOGY:
The physical topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables,computers and other peripherals
TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY:There are 3 types.mainly they are
- Bus
- Ring
- Star
- Tree
- Mesh
- BUS TOPOLOGY:
- All computers and devices connected to central cable or bus.
- Consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end.
- Popular on LAN’s because they are inexpensive and easy to install.
- RING TOPOLOGY:
- cable forms closed ring or loop with all computers and devices arranged along ring
- data travels from device to device around entire ring,in one direction.
- primarily is used for LAN’s but also is used in WAN’s.
- STAR TOPOLOGY:
- All devices connect to a central device,called a hub.
- all data transferred from one computer to another passes through hub.
- Tree topology:
tree topology integrate multiple star topologies together onto a bus.
In its simplest form, only hub devices connect directly to the tree bus, and each hub functions as the “root” of a tree devices.
This bus/star hybrid approach supports future expandability of the network much better than a bus or a star alone.
- MESH TOPOLOGY
Mesh topologies involve the concept of routes. Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages sent on a mesh network can take any of several possible paths from source to destination. (Recall that even in a ring, although two cable paths exist, messages can only travel in one direction.)
Some WAN’S, most notably the Internet, employ mesh routing.
A mesh network in which every device connects to every other is called a full mesh. As shown in the illustration below, partial mesh networks also exist in which some devices connect only indirectly to others.
Difference Between the three types of network topology:
bus
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Easy to connect computer or peripheral to a linear bus. | Entire network shut down if there is break in the main cable. |
| Requires less cable length than a star topology | Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable. |
| | Difficulty to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down. |
ring
| ADVANTAGES | DISADVANTAGES |
| Data is transferred with out a bottle neck | Data packets must pass through every computer between the sender and recipient therefore,this makes is slower. |
| The transmission of data relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only. | If any of the nodes fail then ring is broken and data cannot be transmitted successfully. |
| | It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring |
star
| ADVANTAGES | DISADVANTAGES |
| Easy to install and wire | Requires more cable length than a linear topology |
| security can be implemented | if the hub or concentrator fails,nodes attached are disabled |
| easy to detect faults and to remove parts | more expensive than a linear bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators |
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